Batayang Konseptwal

particle Arrangement The elements ground a periodic recurrence of chemical substance and somatogenetic properties when they atomic number 18 arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Elements in the same vertical column are cognize as groups and the plane rows of elements are called periods. All elements in a specific group realise equivalent outer close, or valence electron, configurations which accounts for the similarity in the number and sign of chemical bonds these elements form. In moving from element to element across a period or down a group, chemical and physical properties tack gradually.Most of the elements are metals that chemically tend to lose electrons and form validating ions. The relatively few nonmetals appear in the upper right-hand contribution of the chart except for hydrogen. The nonmetals have a tendency to react chemically with metals and gain electrons to form negative ions. Nonmetals often bond to each opposite by forming covalent bonds. Al kali Metals Highly thermolabile elements that combine with many another(prenominal) nonmetals to form ionic solids (salts).They also form compounds with oxygen that dissolve in water to create solutions that are strongly basic (alkaline). Alkaline commonwealth Metals Very reactive elements that form ionic compounds with nonmetals. Many of their oxygen compounds are found in deposits in the ground. Transition Metals Generally less reactive than the alkali and alkaline earth metals, these elements vary in physical and chemical properties. Many form important alloys with one another and other metals. several(prenominal) of the transition elements domiciliate form more than one positive ion.For example, cast-iron put up form more than one compound with a stipulation nonmetal since it exists as two different ions, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+. Lanthanides serial publication of transition elements between lanthanum (La) and hafnium (Hf). These elements are found together in nature and they are similar chemically. Actinides Series of transition elements between actinium (Ac) and rutherfordium (Rf). Many can be prepared in minute quantities only. They tend to form insoluble compounds. magisterial Gases Elements exhibit limited chemical reactivity though the heavier noble gases show degrees of reactivity.These elements have generally complete electron shells. Halogens Reactive elements that form compounds known as halides. Several halogens including chlorine, fluorine and iodine, have important applications in terrestrial life. Other Metals Also referred to as post transition metals. Aluminum is the most abundant metal on earth. Lead, tin and mercury have industrial uses. Other Nonmetals Includes chemically reactive elements important for life on the planet, such(prenominal) as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous.Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by preserve light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. The camera is the image-forming device, and photographic film or a silicon electronic image sensor is the sensing medium. The respective recording medium can be the film itself, or a digital electronic or magnetic memory. 4Photographers control the camera and lens to expose the light recording material (such as film) to the required amount of light to form a latent image (on film) or raw file (in digital cameras) which, aft(prenominal) appropriate processing, is converted to a usable image. Digital cameras use an electronic image sensor based on light-sensitive electronics such as charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The resulting digital image is stored electronically, but can be reproduced on paper or film.