AgDscam is a Receptor found in Vectors Correlates to Malaria Essay

IntroductionThe to a greater extent or less dangerous creature in the world is the mosquito. Every year, mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, viral encephalitis, and West Nile virus, cripple and kill millions of people. In fact, malaria, a parasitic mosquito-borne disease, infects more than than 400 million people and kills more than two million people each year. It is one of the principal causes of fatality rate in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The most fatal version of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, is transmitted by the mosquito genus Anopheles gambiae.Malaria infected CellDisease-transmitting mosquitoes are overt to a wide range of deadly pathogens, and yet, they are able to jib infection. These invertebrates produce mould recognition receptors, PRRs, which discern the specific molecular pattern associated with a pathogen. Upon recognition, the PRRs activate the insects repellent system, which then isolates the p athogens by confining it inside another molecule.The Anopheles gambiae mosquito cistronrates approximately 150 PRR genes, each one with the faculty to distinguish the molecular pattern for a particular pathogen. Another insect, the drosophila melanogaster, more commonly cognize as the fruit fly, contains a gene, Dscam (short for overcome Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule), that plays a large role in producing PRRs. A recent study has shown that the fruit flies ability to quarantine bacteria is impaired when the Dscam gene is silenced.The Anopheles gambiae species has a related gene known as AgDscam. In this study, AgDscam was silenced as a result, the mosquitos ability to reject infections with bacteria and defend against the malaria parasite Plasmodium was severely compromised.... ... drawing onwards the infectious organism through the production of challenge-specific splice form repertoires enriched with receptor molecules, which can easily identify molecules associated with microbial pathogens. The induction of this pathogen is done via tolerant signaling pathways.The mammalian down syndrome cell adhesion molecule gene does not undergo as much alternative splicing as that of insects, and it can only produce three different mRNA forms. This may imply that Dscam in mammalian nervous systems have a more specialized function which utilizes antibodies for patter recognition.Overall, understanding the immune system of the Anopheles Gambiae vector is very important. If we can become familiar with the way its immune system works and how it recognizes Plasmodium, it could become helpful in devising witness strategies for the spread of malaria.