Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth Essay

An ambitious uprising from a poor Illinois farm male child to occupying the highest political office during one of the Statess intimately turbulent times makes for the literature of fighter worship. In the essay entitled Abraham capital of Nebraska the self- do myth Rich Hofstadter challenges the lecturer to penetrate beneath the surface of the American political tradions and investigate the event and actions that contributed to the capital of Nebraska Myth. To begin with Hofstadter soils that one of capital of Nebraskas most endearing qualisties to Americans was his humble origins and the particular that, Lincoln was a preeminent type of that self-help which Americans have al panaches so admired, (121). yet he further goes on to state that Lincoln used this to his advantage. First in his campaign speeches always eluding to himself as humble Abraham Lincoln and in the way he addressed his own married woman in public as bring forth (122).See more Foot dressing In China essa yHe received distinguished guests in shirtsleeves, and at one time during his presidency hailed a soldier knocked out(p) of the ranks with the cry, Bub Bub The concept of the self-made, simple man compete well with the American public gum olibanum became fully absorbed into his political being, (124). historic novels and fictionalized biographies about Lincoln would be haywire of the greater portion of its contents were not dedicated to the slavery issue. Many scarcely give, a tiresome celebration of the America past with a progressive reading material of American history of her-worship and national self-congratulation, (Forward 2). In Hostadters essay he discusses the slavery issue not with a schmalzy approach but with critical analysis. Lincoln was a Southerner by birth. He grew up in communities in Illinois where slavery was rare. Laws against laugher slaves were in force when Lincoln served in the state legislature. It was here that Lincoln made his first public statem ent on slavery by voting against a proslavery resolution.

A Note on the Growth of Research in Service Operations Management

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Vol. 16, no. 6, November-December 2007, pp. 780 790 issn 1059-1478 07 one hundred sixty6 780$1. 25 POMS doi 10. 3401/poms. 2007 yi old age and trading trading operations instruction clubhouse A banknote on the evolution of question in returns trading operations focus Jeffery S. smith Kirk R. Karwan Robert E. Markland section of Marketing, Florida State University, Rovetta Business mental synthesis, T aloneahassee, Florida 32306, USA Department of Business and Accounting, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett High counsel, Greenville, southbound Carolina 29613, USA c ar acquaintance Department, Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, capital of South Carolina, South Carolina 29208, USA email&160protected fsu. edu kirk. email&160protected edu email&160protected sc. edu e present an semi empiric estimation of the productivity of one-on-ones and ecesiss in terms of portion operations forethough t (SOM) explore.We restrain reviewed ? ve mainstream operations way daybooks everywhere a 17-year time nobbleclusion to generate a sample of 463 obliges relate to serving operations. The results indicate that SOM seek has been growing and bring up contributions are being do by an array of look intoers and institutions. Key lyric poem look productivity query review religious renovation operations Sub flushs and Acceptance veri evade submission Received November 2005 revisions received July 2006 and October 2007 received October 2007 by Aleda Roth. W 1. IntroductionThe transformation of alter economies from a manufacturing base to a table attend to orientation course is a continuing phenomenon. The dilute is readily apparent in the fall in States where, by virtually all accounts, all over 80% of private empyrean battle is engaged in some potpourri of dish out of branch give-up the ghost (Karmarkar, 2004). Despite this, observers of look for in o perations perplexity (OM) induct long been critical of the ? eld for not transitioning in a similar manner. bingle study by Pannirselvam et al. (1999) reviewed 1,754 articles between 1992 and 1997 in seven key OM diarys and reported gistly 53 (2. 7%) addressed attend- colligate paradoxs.Roth and Menor (2003) alike voiced concern or so a paucity of seek in presenting a change operations charge (SOM) research agenda for the succeeding(a). Regardless of the exact ? gures, thither is clearly enormous potential and direct for research in the religious go operations arena. Recent suppurations inside the discip crinkle are encouraging. For example, turnout and trading operations guidance (POM) and the issue and operations circumspection alliance (POMS) withdraw taken several steps to still research in attend to operations. First, the journal recently published three think issues on 780 wait on operations.Second, POMS created a corporation subdivision, the Coll ege of returns operations, that has hosted several national and global meetings. Finally, the journal now has an autonomous sunrise(prenominal)spaper column department dedicate to helping operations. another(prenominal) initiatives to promote the military suffice operations guidance ? eld include the establishment of IBMs religious dish Science, counselling, and Engineering initiative (Spohrer et al. , 2007) and the set up for trading operations query and commission Science Section on work Science. To a whacking extent, the operate operations ? eld has long been cyphered to occupy a box in spite of appearance operations counsel.If profit operations commission researchers are to establish themselves ? rmly within the OM community, it is our contention that their theoretical contributions to expanding pedantician journals must be more than widely recognized and their relevance to practice ac fellowshipd. As a part of the effort to back up this progres s, the purpose of this note is twofold (1) to take the stand that published work in the key operations journals is indeed showing an upward rationalise and (2) to facilitate research of individual scholars by laying the individuals and institutions that have contributed just about to the ? ld of expediency operations. Smith, Karwan, and Markland offset of Research in return operations counseling deed and operations watchfulness 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 toil and trading operations commission Society 781 2. Methodology and Results Although oftentimes more complex mechanisms exist to valuate contribution, we relied on a straightforward approach to prise contributions by individuals and institutions. We considered four issues (1) the time pose for the review, (2) the journals to be include, (3) the metric for productivity, and (4) the means to identify the articles to be included.First, we selected a 17-year time lay out beginning with 1990 and running through 2006 b ecause we believed that this musical interval would provide a comprehensive get word of the return operations ? eld as it has veritable, as good as an luck to detect any overall trends. Next, we limited our assessment to the outlets identi? ed by the University of Texas at Dallas as the premier journals in operations care (see http//citm. utdallas. edu/ utdrankings/).These include 3 journals dedicated to OM, the diary of trading operations solicitude (JOM), Manufacturing and helper Operations anxiety (MSOM), and POM, and two multidisciplinary journals, commission Science (MS) and Operations Research (OR). Third, we assessed learned productivity by counting the figure of speech of research articles attributable to two individuals and their academic institutions, assigning a weight of 1/n to an originator and his or her institution if an article had manifold (n) germs. The ? al issue to determine was what constituted a SOM article. We ? rst eliminated any article or research note that centreed on agriculture, mining, or manufacturing. Then, two authors served as in subject settle to determine whether an article employed an operations focus while addressing a usefulness-speci? c difficulty or situation. In cases where at that place was dis circumvent 1 stratum 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Totals go % commensurateness between the two raters, the third author made the ? al end. Consequently, an article was excluded if it developed a generic operations shape or involved an operations military issue that was discussed in a everyday way and was applicable in either a manufacturing or a serving environment. When an article made speci? c reference to military overhaul stage settings and e excavateated on them, it was included. To clarify this point, consider the case of an article investigating an ancestry-positioning indemnity between a manufacturer and a series of sellers.The article would be included as pertaining to attend to operations if it took the posture of the retail operation but would be excluded if it took the manufacturing viewpoint. utilise this ruleology, we identi? ed 463 distinct military overhaul operations articles (see the Appendix for a perform list) and recorded development on the author(s) and author af? liation(s) at the time of offspring. The numerical abridgment of articles is shown in Table 1, with each journals share of dish operations articles.Over the 17-year period JOM, MSOM, and POM all exceeded 15% of inspection and repair articles with respect to the join consider of articles published, with OR and MS publishing about smaller percentages. Additionally, there is an upward trend in the native number of advantage articles appearing in all ? ve journals, with a marked increase in the then(prenominal) 3 years (see Figure 1). With devotion to JOM and POM, part of this move is attributable to the populaceatio n of special issues, which is a positive development because it demonstrates a heightened vehemence originating at the pillar level.The total number of individuals appearing in the sample pool was 799. In Table 2, we list 27 individuals Distribution of Service Operations Publications by Selected Journal and Year JOM 4 1 n/a 2 1 4 3 1 3 3 6 5 8 3 7 11 13 75 15. 4 MS 3 9 5 4 5 12 4 8 11 15 5 7 3 4 11 16 13 135 6. 5 MSOM n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0 3 5 3 1 5 5 6 28 16. 8 OR 10 5 10 12 6 8 6 7 10 5 9 5 8 6 11 16 16 150 10. 1 POM n/a n/a 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 11 2 4 4 14 11 3 9 75 17. 9 Total 17 15 18 19 14 27 16 18 27 34 25 26 26 28 45 51 57 463 Service % 7. 0 6. 7 6. 6 7. 8 5. 9 8. 9 6. 3 7. 0 9. 2 12. 5 9. 0 9. 2 8. 8 10. 7 15. 17. 2 17. 2 10. 0 Note. n/a (not applicable) indicates that no issue was published in the speci? c journal in the mastermind year totals indicate the sum of all attend operations articles in the celebrated year/journal advantage % indicates the way of helper articles in comparison to the total number of articles published. 782 Figure 1 Smith, Karwan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Management intersection and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society Distribution of Service Articles over the probe Period 70Number of Service Articles 60 50 40 30 20 10 2001 2004 1990 1993 1995 1998 2000 2002 2003 1994 1999 1991 1992 1996 1997 Year who contributed the most articles on SOM in the ? ve journals. We conducted the same compendium by institution, and it resulted in 343 organizations appearing in the sample. Columbia University contributed the most articles, with a punctuate of 16. 17. Massachusetts bring in of Technology, the University of atomic number 25, and the University of Pennsylvania followed with productivity scores great than 12. Table 3 lists the remainder of the 26 most productive institutions.Although clearly dependent upon the journals within the sample, an important conclusion that magnate Table 2 Name protect Whitt Gary Thompson Stefanos Zenios Scott Sampson Richard Chase Arnold Barnett Kenneth Boyer Arthur Hill Aleda Roth Robert Shumsky Dimitris Bertsimas Susan Meyer Goldstein Julie Hays Ananth Iyer Andreas Soteriou Cynthia Barnhart Vishal gaur Deborah Kellogg Larry Jacobs Marshall Fisher Francois Soumis William L make Jean Harvey Serguei Netessine Gerard Cachon Kingshuk Sinha Avishai Mandelbaum Individual Author Contributions productivity score 8. 0 5. 50 3. 33 3. 33 3. 17 2. 90 2. 67 2. 67 2. 67 2. 53 2. 50 2. 50 2. 50 2. 50 2. 50 2. 42 2. 33 2. 25 2. 20 2. 17 2. 03 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 1. 83 1. 83 1. 83 be drawn from Tables 2 and 3 is that the key contributions in SOM research are diverse and originate from a wide array of authors and institutions. Many of these authors and institutions are cognise to approach the ? eld from normative or prescriptive perspectives and others from more a posteriori or descriptive perspectives.In fact, Gupta, Verma, and Victorino (2006) recently noted that much of the growth in military profit research has come from studies that completely or part employed empiric research methodologies. This change magnitude emphasis on empirical studies bodes well for the new and growing ? eld. Table 3 Institution Institutional Contributions productiveness score 16. 17 16. 05 13. 41 12. 17 8. 75 8. 15 6. 75 6. 67 6. 67 6. 17 5. 77 5. 67 5. 67 5. 58 5. 50 5. 42 4. 95 4. 87 4. 75 4. 70 4. 50 4. 50 4. 42 4. 33 4. 33 4. 08Columbia University Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Minnesota University of Pennsylvania University of Southern California knot State University University of Texas at Austin Stanford University Purdue University Cornell University Carnegie Mellon University University of northwestern Carolina at Chapel Hill atomic number 31 Institute of Technology University of Utah bracing York University Harvard University Northern Illinois Univ ersity University of Rochester Southern Methodist University oceanic Postgraduate School AT&038T University of Cyprus University of California at Los Angeles University of Maryland vanderbilt University University of bread 2006 2005Smith, Karwan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Management Production and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society 783 3. Concluding Comments A pattern of forces appear to be stimulating a longexpected increase in research emphasis on process operations oversight. Because service organizations and issues increasingly dominate the global economy, a greater emphasis on SOM research seems important and inevitable. With operations anxiety journals and related professional societies simultaneously providing visibility for researchers and their efforts, it is probably that we will move forward toward a clearer and more robust SOM research paradigm.Acknowledgments We give t hanks the anonymous reviewers and the editorial team for their perceptive comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Appendix Journal of Operations Management Davis, 1990, An analysis of client mirth with waiting times in a two-stage service process. Mabert, 1990, measuring rod the move of part-time workers in service organizations. Mersha, 1990, Enhancing the client run across manakin. 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Klassen, 1996, plan outpatient appointments in a ever-changing environment.Youngdahl, 1997, The relationship between service clients case assurance demeanors, blessedness, and effort. Harvey, 1998, Service quality. Narasimhan, 1998, Reengineering service operations. Soteriou, 1998, Linking the customer contact good example to service quality. Simons, 1999, function anatomy in a down-sizing service operation. Smith, 1999, The relationship of strategy, ? t, productivity, and billet instruction executing in a service setting. Stank, 1999, Effect of service supplier operation on satisfaction and homage of store manag ers in the unshakable food industry. Ketzenberg, 2000, Inventory insurance policy for grievous retail outlets. Metters, 2000, A typology of de-coupling strategies in interracial services.Miller, 2000, Service recovery. Sarkis, 2000, An analysis of the operational ef? ciency of major(ip) mienports in the United States. 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Altinkemer, 1991, pair savings based heuristics for the delivery problem.Smith, Karwan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Managemen t Production and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society 787 Hof, 1991, A multilevel analysis of production capabilities of the national af wood system. Kent, 1991, Natural resource land management planning using large-scale linear programs. Kraay, 1991, Optimal pace of trains in freight railroads. Kwun, 1991, Joint optimal planning of industrial congeneration and conventional electricity systems. Agnihothri, 1992, Performance evaluation of service territories.Avery, 1992, Optimization of purchase, storage, and transmission contracts for natural gas utilities. Hartley, 1992, multitude operations research. Jack, 1992, Design and implementation of an interactive optimization system for telephone network planning. Klimberg, 1992, Improving the effectiveness of FDA drug inspection. 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Martin, 1993, Design and implementation of an expert system for controlling health care costs.Rautman, 1993, Scheduling the disposal of nuclear opener material in a geologic repository using the transportation model. Soumis, 1993, A stochastic, multiclass airline network equilibrium model. Terrab, 1993, Strategic ? ow management for air traf? c control. Blanco, 1994, A sea story. Reisman, 1994, Operations research in libraries. Ringel, 1994, A stochastic analysis of res publica transitions in an air-space management system. Russell, 1994, Devising a cost effective schedule for a baseball league. Vranas, 1994, The multi-airport ground-holding problem in air traf? c control. Weintraub, 1994, A heuristic system to solve mixed integer forest planning models.Barnhart, 1995, Deadhead selection for the long-haul crew junction problem. Bitran, 1995, An application of yield management to the hotel industry considering multiple day stays. Brusco, 1995, Improving personnel scheduling at airline stations. Kaplan, 1995, luck models of needle exchange. Keeney, 1995, Evaluating improvements in electric utility reliabilit y at British Columbia hydro. Peterson, 1995, Decomposition algorithms for analyzing transient phenomena in multiclass queuing networks in air transportation. Richetta, 1995, Optimal algorithms and a unmistakably ef? cient heuristic for the ground-holding problem in air traf? c control.Robinson, 1995, Optimal and approximate control policies for airline booking with sequential nonmonotonic fare classes. Barnhart, 1996, Air network design for express shipment service. Bitran, 1996, Managing hotel reservations with uncertain arrivals. Eisenstein, 1996, Separating logistics ? ows in the Chicago public school system. Maclellan, 1996, Basing airtankers for forest ? re control in Ontario. Rosenthal, 1996, Optimizing ? ight operations for an aircraft carrier in transit. Thompson, 1996, DEA/assurance domain SBDC ef? ciency and unique projections. Ahmadi, 1997, Managing capacity and ? ow at make-up parks. Bevers, 1997, Spatial optimization of prairie dog colonies for black-market-footed ferret out recovery.Bukiet, 1997, A Markov chain approach to baseball. Day, 1997, Flight attendant rostering for short-haul airline operations. Eppen, 1997, Improved fashion buying with Bayesian updates. Griggs, 1997, An air mission planning algorithm using decision analysis and mixed integer programming. Vance, 1997, Airline crew scheduling. Andreatta, 1998, Multiairport ground holding problem. Bertsimas, 1998, The air traf? c ? ow management problem with en highway capacities. Bixby, 1998, Solving a truck dispatching scheduling problem using branch-and-cut. Caprara, 1998, Modeling and solving the crew rostering problem. Chatwin, 1998, Multiperiod airline overbooking with a single fare class.Gopalan, 1998, The aircraft maintenance routing problem. Lederer, 1998, Airline network design. Mason, 1998, Integrated simulation, heuristic and optimisation approaches to staff scheduling. Nemha exploiter, 1998, Scheduling a major college basketball conference. Savelsbergh, 1998, lease Dynam ic routing of independent vehicles. Gamachea, 1999, A column generation approach for largescale aircrew rostering problems. Hobbs, 1999, stochastic programming-based bounding of 788 Smith, Karwan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Management Production and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society expected production costs for multiarea electric power systems. Keeney, 1999, Identifying and structuring values to subscribe to integrated resource planning at BC Gas. Mingozzi, 1999, A set naval division approach to the crew scheduling problem. Murty, 1999, The U. S. Army National obliges wandering(a) training simulators location and routing problem. Barnett, 2000, Free-? ight and en route air safety. Barnhart, 2000, Railroad blocking. Bashyam, 2000, Service design and price competition in business information services. Feng, 2000, Optimal policies of yield management with multiple predetermined prices.Haight, 2000, An integer optimization approach to a probabilistic reserve site selection problem. Hoffman, 2000, A comparison of formulations for the single-airport ground-holding problem with banking constraints. Smith, 2000, Management of multi-item retail inventory systems with demand substitution. Van Slyke, 2000, Finite vista stochastic knapsacks with applications to yield management. Zenios, 2000, Dynamic allocation of kidneys to candidates on the transplant waiting list. Barnett, 2001, estimable at home? Cai, 2001, Solving large nonconvex water resources management models using generalized benders decomposition. Cordeau, 2001, Simultaneous assignment of locomotives and cars to passenger trains.Feng, 2001, A dynamic airline seat inventory control model and its optimal policy. Henz, 2001, Scheduling a major college basketball conferenceRevisited. Baker, 2002, Optimizing military aircraft. Camm, 2002, Nature reserve site selection to maximize exp ected species covered. Caprara, 2002, Modeling and solving the train timetabling problem. Cooper, 2002, Asymptotic behavior of an allocation policy for taxation management. Cooper, 2002, An demonstrative application of IDEA (imprecise data natural enclosure analysis) to a Korean telecommunication company. Gans, 2002, Managing learning and turnover in employee staf? ng. Netessine, 2002, Flexible service capacity. Powell, 2002, Implementing real-time optimization models.Bertsimas, 2003, Restaurant revenue management. Brumelle, 2003, Dynamic airline revenue management with multiple semi-Markov demand. Cohn, 2003, Improving crew scheduling by incorporating key maintenance routing decisions. Deshpande, 2003, An empirical study of service differentiation from branch system service parts. Erhun, 2003, Enterprise-wide optimization of total landed cost at a grocery retailer. Rajaram, 2003, Flow management to hone retail pro? ts at motif parks. Armony, 2004, Contact centers with a call-back pickax and real-time delay information. Armony, 2004, On customer contact centers with a callback option.Bollapragada, 2004, Scheduling commercials on broadcast television. Bollapragada, 2004, Scheduling commercial videotapes in broadcast television. Borst, 2004, Dimensioning large call centers. Cappanera, 2004, A multicommodity ? ow approach to the crew rostering problem. Gaur, 2004, A periodic inventory routing problem at a supermarket chain. Hamacher, 2004, Design of zone tariff systems in public transportation. Karaesmen, 2004, Overbooking with synonymous inventory classes. Qi, 2004, Class scheduling for pilot training. Zhu, 2004, Imprecise DEA via standard linear DEA models with a revisit to Korean mobile telecommunication company. Armstrong, 2005, A stochastic salvo model for naval surface combat.Ata, 2005, Dynamic power control in a radio set static crease subject to a quality-of-service constraint. Bertsimas, 2005, Simulation based booking limits for airline revenue management. Brown, 2005, A two-sided optimization for theater ballistic missile defense. Chardaire, 2005, Solving a time-space network formulation for the escort movement problem. Dasci, 2005, A continuous model for multistore competitive location. De Vericourt, 2005, Managing response time in a callrouting problem with service failure. Holder, 2005, Navy personnel planning and the optimal partition. Jahn, 2005, System-optimal routing of traf? c ? ows with user constraints in networks with congestion. Maglaras, 2005, Pricing and design of differentiated services.Savin, 2005, Capacity management in rental businesses with two customer bases. Shu, 2005, Stochastic transportation-inventory network design problem. Su, 2005, Patient choice in kidney allocation. Wu, 2005, Optimization of in? uenza vaccine selection. Yang, 2005, A multiperiod dynamic model of machine politician services with endogenous service intensity. Zhang, 2005, Revenue management for parallel ? ights with customer-choice behavior. Agur, 2006, Optimizing chemotherapy scheduling using local search heuristics. Bassamboo, 2006, Design and control of a large call center. Cook, 2006, Incorporating multiprocess performance standards into the DEA framework. Cordeau, 2006, A branch-and-cut algorithm for the diala-ride problem.Dawande, 2006, Effective heuristics for multiproduct partial shipment models. Smith, Karwan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Management Production and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society 789 Deshpande, 2006, Ef? cient supply chain management at the U. S. Coast Guard using part-age dependent supply replenishment policies. Fry, 2006, Fire? ghter staf? ng including temporary absences and wastage. Ghiani, 2006, The black and white traveling salesman problem. Green, 2006, Managing patient service in a diagnostic medical facility. Mannino, 2006, The network packing problem in t errestrial broadcasting.Marcus, 2006, Online low price guarantees. Marklund, 2006, unconditional inventories in divergent supply chains with advance-order information. Netessine, 2006, Revenue management through dynamic cross selling in e-commerce retailing. Perakis, 2006, An analytical model for traf? c delays and the dynamic user equilibrium problem. Romeijn, 2006, A new linear programming approach to radiation therapy sermon planning problems. Washburn, 2006, Piled-slab searches. Production and Operations Management Easton, 1992, Analysis of alternative scheduling policies for hospital nurses.Ernst, 1992, Coordination alternatives in a manufacturing/dealer inventory system under stochastic demand. Schneeweiss, 1992, Planning and scheduling the repair shops of the Deutsche Lufthansa AG. Rajagopalan, 1993, Allocating and scheduling mobile diagnostic imaging equipment among hospitals. Malhotra, 1994, Scheduling ? exibility in the service secto r. Sainfort, 1994, A pavement management decision support system. Cox, 1995, A new learning approach to process improvement in a telecommunications company. Roth, 1995, Hospital resource planning. Schneider, 1995, Power approximations for a two-echelon inventory system using service levels. Chase, 1996, The mall is my factory.Crandall, 1996, Demand management. Joglekar, 1996, A pro? t maximization model for a retailers stocking decisions on products subject to sudden obsolescence. Cachon, 1996, Campbell soups continuous replenishment program. Clark, 1997, Reengineering channel reordering processes to improve total supply-chain performance. Harvey, 1998, Building the service operations course nearly a ? eld project. Kolesar, 1998, Insights on service system design from a recipe approximation to Erlangs delay formula. Lee, 1998, cause of integrating order/backorder quantity and pricing decisions. Boronico, 1999, Reliability-constrained pricing, capacity, and quality.Cheng, 1999, O ptimality of state dependent (s,S) policies in inventory models with Markov demand and scattered sales. Cook, 1999, Service typologies. Dasu, 1999, A dynamic process model of dissatisfaction for unfavorable non-routine service encounters. Dube, 1999, Adapting the QFD approach to extended service transactions. Hays, 1999, The market share impact of service failures. Kapalka, 1999, Retail inventory control with lost sales, service constraints, and factional lead times. Metters, 1999, Measurement of multiple sites in service ? rms with data natural enclosure analysis. Nie, 1999, How professors of operations management view service operations.Soteriou, 1999, Resource allocation to improve service quality perceptions in multistage service systems. Stewart, 1999, The impact of human error on delivering service quality. Anderson, 2000, A simulation game for teaching servicesoriented supply chain management. Petersen, 2000, An evaluation of order picking policies for m ail order companies. Chaouch, 2001, clove pink levels and delivery rates in vendormanaged inventory programs. Devaraj, 2001, Product and service quality. Hays, 2001, A longitudinal study of the effect of a service guarantee on service quality. Van Woensel, 2001, Managing the environmental externalities of traf? c logistics. Agrawal, 2002, Multi-vendor sourcing in a retail supply chain.Boyer, 2002, Drivers of Internet purchasing success. Heim, 2002, Service process con? gurations in electronic retailing. Tagaras, 2002, Effectiveness of stock transshipment under various demand distributions and nonnegligible transshipment times. Akkermans, 2003, Ampli? cation in service supply chains. Alfaro, 2003, The value of sku rationalization in practice. Athanassopoulos, 2003, Modeling customer satisfaction in telecommunications. Baker, 2003, The bene? ts of optimizing prices to manage demand in hotel revenue management systems. Cayirli, 2003, Outpatient scheduling in health care. Giloni, 2003 , Service system design for the belongings and casualty insurance industry.Goodale, 2003, A market utility-based model for capacity scheduling in mass services. Green, 2003, An improved heuristic for staf? ng telephone call centers with limited operating hours. Kassinis, 2003, Greening the service pro? t chain. Keizers, 2003, Diagnosing order planning performance at a Navy maintenance and repair organization using logistic regression. Meyer-Goldstein, 2003, Employee development. Mondschein, 2003, Appointment policies in service operations. Roth, 2003, Insights into service operations management. Stewart, 2003, Piecing together service quality. Boyaci, 2004, Supply chain coordination in a market with customer service competition.Craighead, 2004, The effects of unfeelingness of failure and customer loyalty on service recovery strategies. Field, 2004, Managing quality in the e-service system. Gavish, 2004, Dynamic policies for optimal LEO satellite launches. 790 Smith, Kar wan, and Markland Growth of Research in Service Operations Management Production and Operations Management 16(6), pp. 780 790, 2007 Production and Operations Management Society Hur, 2004, Real-time work schedule adjustment decisions. Jack, 2004, Volume ? exible strategies in health services. Lapre, 2004, Performance improvement paths in the U. S. airline industry. Napoleon, 2004, The creation of output and quality in services.Sampson, 2004, Practical implications of preference-based conference scheduling. Tsay, 2004, Channel con? ict and coordination in the ecommerce age. Tsikriktsis, 2004, Adoption of e-processes by service ? rms. Chakravarthy, 2005, Optimal workforce mix in service systems with two types of customers. Gaur, 2005, In-store experiments to determine the impact of price on sales. Miller, 2005, A learning real options framework with application to process design and capacity planning. Anderson, 2006, Stochastic optimal control for staf? ng and backlog policies in a two-stage customized service supply chain. Berling, 2006, heuristic program coordination of decentralized inventory systems using bring forth backorder costs.Boyer, 2006, Analysis of effects of operational execution on repeat purchasing tangled customer segments. Chambers, 2006, Modeling and managing the percentage of satis? ed customers in hidden and revealed waiting line systems. Ferguson, 2006, Information sharing to improve retail product freshness of perishables. Hays, 2006, An extended longitudinal study of the effects of a service guarantee. Rajamani, 2006, A framework to analyze immediate payment supply chains. Sampson, 2006, Foundations and implications of a proposed uni? ed services theory. Whitt, 2006, Staf? ng a call center with uncertain arrival rate and absenteeism. References Gupta, S. , R. Verma, L. Victorino. 2006.Empirical research published in Production and Operations Management (19922005) Trends and Future Research Directions. Production and Operations Management 15(3) 432 448. Karmarkar, U. 2004. Will you defy the services revolution? Harvard Business analyse 82(6) 100 107. Pannirselvam, G. P. , L. A. Ferguson, R. C. Ash, S. P. Siferd. 1999. Operations management research An update for the 1990s. Journal of Operations Management 18(1) 95112. Roth, A. V. , L. J. Menor. 2003. Insight into service operations management A research agenda. Production and Operations Management 12(2) 145164. Spohrer, J. , P. Maglio, J. Bailey, D. Gruhl. 2007. go toward a science of service systems. ready reckoner 40(1) 7177.

'To Kill A Mockingbird and Same\r'

'To obliterate A flouter and kindred loves Theme Comparison No matter what time period we be living, in that location is and always will be diversity, slew with different ways of thinking, and discrimination. some(prenominal) in the story To Kill A mockingbird, by Harper Lee and in the modern song titled â€Å"Same chicane”, by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis, sh atomic number 18 an diaphanous bow, Do non worry near what sight say well-nigh you; it is fine to be different.In the story To Kill A Mockingbird, the Finch family has to face societys electronegativity in parliamentary law to stand for what they believe in. During the 1930s, African Americans were not treated the same way as white people. They were looked down on and were not welcomed by most white people, scarcely the Finch family was different. One of the protagonists, genus Atticus Finch, believed in compare for everyone. He had an African American protagonist named Calpurnia and treated her as if sh e was family.Atticus was a lawyer who was asked to defend an innocent African American man win a event down South during the 1930s. When the word went nearly in his little hometown, Maycomb, he and his children had to consider with the racism of the people who lived in Maycomb and the negativity surrounding their feelings toward â€Å"niggers”. This did not stop Atticus or upset him; he entirely unbroken his head up and kept doing what he believed was right, treating everyone fittingly.The song â€Å"Same Love” discusses a very big government issue in society today, judge dauntlesss, tho as â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird” discussed a very big composition for its time, which was accepting African Americans. This song explains how it is to be different from veryone else and how it is to be something that many people think is wrong. In the song it says, â€Å"If I was gay I would think strike hates me. Have you read the YouTube comments lately? ‘Man , thats gay gets dropped on the daily some would quite an die than be who they are. like a shot, a fortune of people are unnerved to demo who they really are because they are afraid of what society will say. However, the song encourages people who are gay to â€Å"Progress, march on! ” exactly as in To Kill A Mockingbird, â€Å"Same Love” shares the theme do not worry about what people say about you, it is okay to be different. Because the time periods vary ach other, the military issue society rages about is different, during the 1930s there was racism and for the year 2013 there is accepting gay marriage and gays in general.There were well-behaved hearted people during the 1930s that had the mentality that everyone is equal and they had to deal with a racist society, which consisted of a larger population than the good hearted people. Today there are probably Just as many people who against creation gay as there are people who believe that it doesnt matter what shake up you like. Which comes to show, that there is always going to be diversity, people witn different ways ot living, hate, and discrimination.\r\n'

'Blackberry Eating\r'

'The verse form â€Å"blackberry bush alimentation” by Galway Kinnell is a short precisely impressive example of how the commit of the segments of poem piece of tail evoke emotional reception and the corresponding emotional experience in people. The poem starts out with a matter-of-factly score or story telling of a ripe September trip or errand to nibble up â€Å"fat, overripe, icy, dingy low-spiritedberries to pinna obt physical exerciseberries for breakfast”. While the first iii breezes directly expresses, herein, the author still makes determination of stressed imagery.The color â€Å"black”, an unembellished redundancy, is used to precede â€Å" blackberry” to scram or connote the image of the tail or deepness of the fruit color, on top of the other qualities of fatness or big size and possible constraint and juicy stage of ripeness. â€Å"The stalks actually prickly, a penalty they earn for discerning the black art of blackber ry-making;” These next two and a half lines jumps into or introduces the level of nonmisprint language. What initially seems a either an implied closed book or a misguided use of the pronoun â€Å"they” in referring to that entity knowledgeable on â€Å"the black art” is in fact figurative language.The prickly stalks obviously are not persons who practice the supposedly dark or secret art of blackberry-making. What the â€Å"penalty” element in the metaphor perhaps suggests is that the practician of the art earns a disadvantage, or a price to pay, when he or she holds the stalks to pick up the blackberries. These next haggle remind the reader to think what the author is hard to tell: â€Å"and as I remain firm among them lifting the stalks to my mouth, the ripest berries fall almost unbidden to my clapper…. â€Å"But the next line provides the imperative clue: â€Å"as words sometimes do…. â€Å". Herein, it is revealed that the ber ries are compared to words, implying that blackberry-making is likened to making a craft or something with words. At this point, the poem becomes clear, as metaphor is clearly replaced with the metaphor tool of the conjunction â€Å"as”. What makes this on the face of it simple, down-to-earth poem particularly charitable to read and listen to is the equally effective use of sound devices. A come apart of metaphorical onomatopoeia is made use of in the next lines:â€Å"Certain peculiar words like strengths or funked, many-lettered, one-syllabled lumps, which I squeeze, squinch open, and splurge well in the silent, ball over, icy, black language”. As one reads or listens to these words of simile between creating prose and meter or oration, it is as if one can almost hear the process of grate and eating blackberries. In Blackberry Eating, rhythm, agreement or the iterate consonant sounds anyplace and alliteration or repeated initial consonants are obviously pres ent, what with the multiple use of black by itself or as prefix: black blackberries, blackberries, blackberry-making.â€Å"S” is too alliterated several times with the words strengths, squeeze, splurge, silent, startled and the present and past forms of squinch. â€Å"I respect to go out in belatedly September among the fat, overripe, icy, black blackberries to eat blackberries for breakfast, the stalks very prickly, a penalty they earn for knowing the black art of blackberry-making”. As by and by revealed, the â€Å"tenor” in this part of poem, or what Galway Kinnell means, is the process involved in poem composition.The authors use of the brambles and bramble fruit plant move and the act of preparing and eating them suggest the world or the composition of poetry. The words or lines actually used to that effect, technically called â€Å"fomite”, constitute the metaphor or analogy. That the melodic theme needs to go out (of his abode) to be able t o procure the raw blackberry refers to the what the poet has to do in order to deal out the preliminary phase of opus his poem. As the time period of â€Å"late September” is repeated at the residue of the poem, the significance of this authors choice of the month becomes evident.The line â€Å"of blackberry-eating in late September” makes some other use of sound device: the ber is repeated to create a rhythmic issue to the poem. A fusion of the style devices of literal and figurative language and sound devices, Kinnells Blackberry Eating is an excellent piece of poetical genius. As Kinnell brings to the reader the pleasure, along with the efforts, of preparing and eating blackberries, the poem communicates how literature is akin to it. The come product is poetically narrative, metaphorically educational and a pleasure to read and hear.\r\n'

'Contemporary Research on Parenting\r'

'Contemporary look for on P atomic number 18nting: The case for Nature and nurture W. Andrew Collins, Eleanor E. Maccoby, Laurence Steinberg, E. Mavis Hetherington and Marc. Bornstein Current findings on enate influences provide more sophisticated and slight deterministic explanations than did earlier theory and explore on pargonnting.Contemporary question approaches include: (a) behavior- inherited designs, increase with direct measures of strength environmental influences; (b) studies distinguishing among boorren with distinguishable ancestralally influenced predispositions in terms of their responses to diametric environmental conditions; (c) experimental and quasi-experimental studies of change in tykeren’s behavior as a result of their exposure to pargonnts’ behavior, after exacting for minorren’s initial characteristics; and (d) research on interactions in the midst of parenting and nonfamilial environmental influences and contexts, illustra ting contemporary equal with influences beyond the parent- electric shaver dyad.These approaches indicate that parental influences on child development are incomplete as unambiguous as earlier researchers suggested nor as insubstantial as rate of flow critics claim. Although the use of donor sperm to enable couples with an infertile male compositionner to eat up children has been approach patternd for many years, it is only since 1983, followers advances in reproductive technology, that infertile women open been able to conceive a child using a donated screwball (Lutjen et al. , 1984; Trousin, Leeton, Beasanka, Wood, & axerophthol; Conti, 1983). This procedure involves fertilization of the donated egg with the bring’s sperm in the laboratory, followed by the transfer of the resulting embryo to the mother’s uterus. Thus, it is now possible for children to be born(p) to, and raise by, mothers with whom they have no genetic link.A number of concerns have bee n expressed regarding the potential negative consequences of gamete donation for children’s mental rise being, the most common of which is that the practice of keeping information about genetic origin secret from the child whitethorn have and adverse effect on the quality of parent-child relationships and consequently on the child (Daniels & angstrom; Taylor, 1993; Schaffer & Diamond, 1993). As some children are told that a donated sperm of egg had been utilise in their conception, the large mass grow up not cognise that their father or mother is genetically unrelated to them. Findings suggestive of an association amid secrecy about genetic extraction and negative outcomes for children have come from research on adoption.It has been demonstrated that adopted children bring in from knowledge about their biological parents, and that children who are not given such information whitethorn become confused about their identity and ar risk for activated problems ( H oopes, 1990; Sants, 1964; Schechter & Bertocci, 1990; Triseliotis, 1973). In the field of help reproduction, parallels have been drawn with the adoptive blot and it has been suggested that lack of knowledge of, or information about, the donor may be stabbing for the child (Clamar, 1989; Snowden. 1990; Snowden, Mitchell, & Snowden, 1983). From a family therapy perspective, secrets are believed to be detrimental to family functioning be type they build boundaries between those who know and those who do not, and cause anxiety when topics related to the secret are discussed (Karpel, 1980).In examining the particular case of parents keeping secrets from their children, Papp (1993) argued that children arouse sense when information is being withheld delinquent to the taboo that surrounds the discussion of certain topics, and that they may become confused and anxious, or change surface develop symptoms of psychological disorder, as a result. A further concern raised by the use of gamete donation is that parents may feel or behave little positively toward a nongenetic than a genetic child. It has been argued that the child may not be fully accepted as part of the family, and that the absence of a genetic imbibe to one or both parents may have an undermining effect on the child’s sense of identity (Burns, 1987). It has alike been suggested that whether or not gamete donation has been used in thechild’s conception, the stress of asepsis may lead to dysfunctional patterns of parenting, which may result in negative outcomes for the child (Burns, 1990).In spite of the expectations that children conceived by gamete donation may be at risk for psychological problems, a previous study of back up reproduction families by the present authors (Golombok, Cook, Bish, & Murray, 1995) foud a greater involvement in parentiong aoun donor insemination parents than among a control mathematical group of parents with a naturally conceived child, wi th no differences in the quality of parent-child relationships between donor insemination parents and both adoptive parents or parents with a genetically related child conceived by in vitro fertilization. The children in these different family types were functioning well and did not differ with respect to their emothions, behavior, or relationships. It was concluded that a strong appetite for parenthood seemed to be more importand than genetic relatedness for fosteringtive outcomes may be expected in families where the child and the father are genetically unrelated compared with families where genetic link exists between the father and the child.\r\n'

'Response: Doing Fieldwork Among the Yanomamo Essay\r'

'Shaki, or Napoleon A. Chagnon’s 15 month enculturation with the Yanomamo tribe, Bisaasi-teri is characterized by fear, discomfort, loneliness, nosiness, and invalu equal to(p) experiences through relationships and modesty well-nigh human polish. Chagnon documents the experience through the exertion and discovery surrounding his proposed research, as his life-style gradually necessitate it offs in sync with the vivid functions of his community. Much of his focus and meter was consumed by identification of genealogical records, and the establishment of informants and methods of authorized divulgence.\r\nMarriage, sex, and frequently resulting violence are the first off driving obliges within Yanomamo, and everything that we mean interpreter of daily routine is completely enigmatical and inconsequential to them. Traveling between neighbor tribes, he draws conclusions around intertribal relations, specially concerning marriage and raiding. Chagnon deals with cult ural complexity that takes time to decipher, and in process, potential risk. Confronted with convergemingly petty situations, they often become unexpected phenomena and Chagnon’s adherence to reinforcement is amazing.\r\nHe encounters person-to-person epiphanies that I find intriguing, related to hiding and hygiene. This report becomes an inspiring document of an essential anthropologic life-style as much as it is a cultural essay. Few articles become my attention like this one did. I found myself evolving in relation to the paralleled developing of both cultures. Merely sitting on my bed, I developed a insulation from the tendency to contrast my companionship of culture from the pure consideration of theirs. My affinity for this image of anthropologic study stems from my adoration of give out.\r\nFortunate to travel from a younger age I imbibe been enamored by serviceman dropped in a stew of culture. I make vacationed to European and Caribbean countries with family and tapped into the tourism that runs the world of wealth of professional boredom. School programs have appropriateed me to take advantage of education abroad, and I have ventured to new face-to-face frontiers on my own accord. This range of travel experiences opposite with my father’s dissatisfaction with our society’s functioning, has planted in me a plant food of criticism and drive for exploration.\r\nI have always vaguely understood the place of anthropologists, yet I never considered the federation between their professional training, field work, and my confide to be culture-dexterous as a practicable profession. Ironically, as I confront a rather innate realm of overlap design in my studies, ethnography has been revealed to me as a signifi finisht role in my prospective career. All of the most unforgettable events involve the human to human interactions that force questioning on tradition, deterrent example, and agenda.\r\nI ingest that the a rticle is not intended to revolutionise others to perform this type of research, but to allow people to consider their lives for rightful(prenominal) seemly time to seriously gauge their preoccupations. The lifestyle which Chagnon is forced to adopt appears crude, unhealthy; virtually unacceptable for our standards. Personally, I am stir at the idea of enduring these hardships as adjust troubles of human life come to light. It is easy to trace Chagnon’s history through his growth and adoption of their traditions, lifestyles and moral codes.\r\nAs an American, my response is to first consider these adoptions, yet the Bisaasi-teri proved to be just as clever and interested in understanding and adopting the ways of â€Å"Shaki” (Chagnon’s moniker meaning: pesky, noisome bee). Many natives were ill-considered with the goods that were brought with him; evoking curiosity and incessant ploys to steal or seduce him into sharing them. This became a pricking wh ich rivaled Chagnon’s incessant pestering about their lineage, which discussion proved to be a strict cultural stigma. Chagnon did well to curb their desires to extract necessary information.\r\nIt is difficult to judge the ethicality of doing so, ground on no knowledge of what was done with the genealogical data after(prenominal) salt away. This is a breakdown where the AAA (American anthropological Association) might see an prospect for ethical issues concerning the method of information attained. It is admirable to see Chagnon’s efforts remain critical as he builds relationships with the Yanomamo People. One relationship in particular is very interesting because of contradictions on previous observations and statements.\r\nChagnon stated, â€Å"I would be bitterly disappointed that my erstwhile friend scene no more of me than to finesse our personal relationship exclusively with the intention of acquire at my locked up possessions, and my depression would shit new lows every time I discovered this. ” He observed for an panoptic period of time that friendship was based on lasting debts to be reimbursed, often at unequal ratios. This behavior rang true not only of him, but of Rerebawa, who marry into the tribe. It becomes interesting to consider that his value\r\nwas that of poppycock objects and debts, much like we experience in some parts of American culture. As Chagnon dove deeper into his pursuit of genealogical data, he befriended Rerebawa due to their shared alienated positions and was able to surpass language barriers and misunderstandings. Return trips have proven that this friendship is solidified in past experience and must be extremely exciting to build much(prenominal) connections. Statistical data and relevance of collected genealogical date were not presented in this essay, however, the overall emotion and importance of cross-cultural understanding is well addressed.\r\nIt is an exciting opportunity to be able to so decidedly define current cultures, as forms of documentation have been developed in our society. In turn, it is amazing that cultures of such different developments, resources, and agendas can exist simultaneously. Documents like this should be a source of inspiration for many to search the world as a human, not as an American. Hopefully, this idea will busy efforts of coexistence, sustainability, and the pursuit of vitality for all life.\r\n'

'Social Marketing Company (Smc)\r'

' cordial selling: A achiever Story in Bangladesh Mahbubur Rahman, MA, MBA 1 and Toslim Uddin Khan, MA, MSS, MBA 2 social commercializeing bon ton (SMC) is the largest cloisteredly managed kind trade plaque in the world for a genius pastoral. It is a significant contributor to the reproductive and youngster wellness services in Bangladesh. The on-going amicable selling curriculums of SMC include family prep, child health, disease prevention and matriarchal and neonatal health.SMCs mission is to break the fibre of lives of penetrable and little privileged tribe primarily in public health issues finished sustainable social trade efforts in collaboration with national and external governments and donors. sociable marketing is the application of commercial solicitude techniques for popularizing and selling products and services that offer clear benefits to the hoi polloi at prices they can buy. Thus, easy accessibility with wide approachability and gamey af fordability forms the key fragment of social marketing.The model of social marketing SMC pick come forth and hatchs to practice has dickens comp unrivallednts †multi-strategy communications for initiating desired appearance change, and suitable, cheap, readily accessible product and service for sustaining the changed mien using the techniques of commercial marketing. Because of its remarkable success and its untarnished size, social marketing in Bangladesh has sustain a model of best practices and attracted international attention.Two premier the States based graduate schools of business included the face regard on social marketing program in Bangladesh in their curricula, which is an entire chapter of the ren giveed retain titled â€Å"Let E very nestling Be Wanted: How Social trade Is Revolutionizing encumbrance uptake Around the World” written by Philip D. Harvey. The miscue on SMC is also included in the â€Å"Asian Marketing Casebook” writt en by Noel Capon and Wilferied R. Vanhonacker. SMC is ISO 9001-2000 cognizant connection.The company is awarded internationalist star topology Award for attractions in prime(a) (ISLQ) in 2008 by the patronage Initiative Directions (BID) a Madrid-based business organization connected to build bettor business reputation worldwide. circumstances of SMC to the discipline curriculum Social marketing of antifertilitys and ORS has be to be a employment contributor to transaction of the health and universe of discourse objectives of the Government of Bangladesh. race cognizance experts used three critical measures of birth control device speciality †Total Fertility Rate (TFR)3, Couple yr of Protection (CYP)4 and prophylactic Prevalence Rate (CPR)5.Between 1975 and 2007, the entireness fertility rate of the country dropped from 6. 3 to 2. 7, and the boilersuit cautionary prevalence rate among currently hook up with women rose from 8 rangeake to 56 per cen tum, with in advance(p) cautionary use at 48 per centum (BDHS, 2007). SMC is significantly contributing in the modern contraceptive method actings to achieve national contraceptive goals. BDHS shows that 35 portion of the modern contraceptive users use SMC chump contraceptives (four out(a) of ten pill users, six out of 1 headland of Marketing, Social Marketing alliance Head or Research and MIS, Social Marketing guild The average number of children that would be born liveborn to a woman (group of women) during her lifetime 4 It is estimated that single CYP is brookd by 150 gum elastics or 15 ad-lib pill cycles or 4 vials of injectables. 5 Contraceptive prevalence rate is defined as the portion of Married Women of productive ripen using family planning method. 2 1 ten pencil eraser users and two out of ten injectables users use SMC rat). According to the Consumers sell Audit, SMC provoker condoms take over 81 part sh be of the retail market while SMC tag OCP gain 90 percent of retail market share (ACNielsen, 2008).SMC distributes near deoxycytidine monophosphate billion pieces of condoms, 40 million cycles of oral pills and unrivaled million vials of injectables annually by dint of and by dint of out the country. ORSaline was launched in late 1985 to enhance the availability of ORS to extend mortality and morbidity due to looseness among under 5 children in Bangladesh. The usage of encase ORS in diarroheal cases among the under five children has extendd from 61 percent in 2000 to 77 percent in 2007 (BDHS, 2007). According to the Consumers Retail Audit, ORSaline-N punctuate of SMC is the market leader of ORS retail market with more than 59 percent share (ACNielsen, 2008).SMC distributes approximately 180 million sachets of ORS p.a. byout the country. Evolution of Social Marketing gild The concept of social marketing came to Bangladesh in 1974 when the social marketing project was initiated to challenge rapid existence gro wth by making contraceptive products astray accessible at a price affordable to the general people. The project was initiated by a US-based non-profit organization Population go International (PSI) in savvy with the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), and with funding from United States Agency for International Development (USAID).In 1990, the project transformed into Social Marketing follow †a non-for-profit private limited company, and since beingness operated under a voluntary Board of Directors consisting of mellow personalities with private and public sector expertise in different fields. From 1997, SMC had been the social marketing partner in the USAID funded subject area Integrated Population and Health schedule (NIPHP) under a Cooperative proportionateness. After complete of NIPHP, SMC signed a novel Cooperative Agreement with USAID as a partner of USAID Bangladesh Health and Population programme (UBHPP) effective from January 2008.Sales and Distribution Networ k SMC has sensation of the most established, extensive and efficient distribution networks in Bangladesh. Nationwide coverage is carried out through twelve offices laid in major division and rule towns of the country. This enables SMC’s a little over 100 men-strong gross revenue force to distribute products to the far-flung payoff promptly and regularly. On an average, about 223,000 outlets are served by SMC sales force each year of which approximately 35 percent are pharmacies and the easiness are nonpharmacies including grocery stores and kiosks.Stocks at the sales offices are replenished through large delivery trucks at scheduled intervals. The sales force cover the territory by SMC’s exceed of delivery vans, motorbikes and boats whenever necessary. In order to moderate efficient and secured storage of all SMC products, SMC has constructed a substitution warehouse (CWH) and a packaging unit located at Bhaluka, Mymensingh in 2008. The CWH is constructed with necessary warehousing of necessity like adequate passageway for transporting beneficials, ventilation, natural light up or scope for increasing artificial lighting, optimum space areas for stacking true(p)s as per standard storing guidelines.The widespread sales and distribution efforts of SMC contributed to make its products wide available in the retail outlets across the country. The product availability probe showed that 84 percent of the retail chemists outlets exact at least i SMC notice of oral examination Contraceptive Pill (OCP) while 82 percent pharmacy outlets have at least one SMC instigator of condom and 91 percent pharmacy outlets have at least one SMC brand of ORS. In addition to pharmacy outlets, SMC sales condom and ORS in 2 he non-pharmacy outlets as a strategy to increase accessibility and availability of the products. unitary in every five non-pharmacy retail outlets of the country has SMC brand condom and more than two in every five non-pharmacy retail outlets have SMC brand ORS countrywide ( way, 2007). The elude 1 shows the availability of SMC products in the retail outlets. flurry 1: Availability of SMC marker OCP, prophylactic and ORS by Pharmacy and Non-pharmacy Retail Outlets (in percentage) cross Pharmacy Non-pharmacy At least one SMC brand OCP 84 na At least one SMC brand caoutchouc 2 21 At least one SMC brand ORS 91 44 Number of Outlets 2400 4800 Use of Innovative Communication run for Strategic Behavior Change When social marketing began in Bangladesh, many were skeptical about the feasibleness of large-scale information dissemination and advertising of contraceptive products. They were skeptical mostly for three reasons. First, Bangladesh is predominantly Moslem society in which reproductive health was not openly discussed. Second, much of the population was illiterate at that time with limited access to media.Third, the majority of the population was very poor and there were doubts that people could be persuad ed to purchase contraceptives when these supplies were available innocuous from otherwise sources. To address the prevailing formid(prenominal)able situation in the mid seventies, SMC launched a strong and innovative communication program to facilitate and sustain behavior changes towards family planning and contraceptive use. The program is now recognized worldwide for its germinal use of innovative channels to communicate generic wine family planning and health messages and to foster sales of mark products. tout ensemble modern mass media communication channels including regional and national radio, television, and print media were being utilized from the very beginning. The products have been advertised on billboards, signs, buildings, water tanks, crop boards and banners, rickshaws, shopping bags, at sporting events, and through free promotional distribution. Riverboats carried genus Raja Condom logos on their sails. The Mobile remove Program (MFP) is a trademark of soci al marketing in Bangladesh, and a major factor in making SMC the largest social marketing program in the world.The mobile van fleet presents audio-visual shows that reach hundreds of thousands in rustic areas with education on health issues and advertisements of SMC’s products. A recently conducted study on MFP showed that 63 percent of the MFP viewers have learned new information on family planning, 53 percent learned new information on STD/AIDS and 32 percent learned new information on women trafficking watching mobile adopt program (MRC-MODE, 2007). The pharmacists and non-graduate checkup practitioners are one of the major sources of health information and prescriber of medicine, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas.As a part of the comprehensive communication strategy, SMC provides fosterage to approximately 17,000 health providers annually to strengthen their cognition and skill in order to offer better over-the-counter services including counseling. filths as Demand Drivers Market portionation, effective positioning and brand development efforts continue to be a major part of SMC’s strategies, and the company now provides a diverse browse of pills and condoms targeted at 3 specific market segments and support with brand-specific advertising and promotion.The efforts have significantly contributed to increase brand informedness and brand loyalty among the target population. For example, Raja condom was introduced in 1976 and ultimately became synonymous with the intelligence â€Å"condom” in Bangladesh with huge advertising and promotional efforts over the last 32 long time. A study on Use of Contraceptive Among the Poor Couples in Bangladesh conducted by ACNielsen explored the reasons for using SMC OCP among the current SMC brand OCP users.About 61 percent SMC brand OCP contraceptive users mentioned the reason as it suits with body while 13 percent mentioned it is widely available, 8 percent mentioned that it is a good select brand, 9 percent mentioned husband purchases it and 2 percent mentioned that they purchase it due to its debase price (ACNielsen, 2008). SMC sells its contraceptive product brands by positioning them at catch market segments. Target market for Raja and whizz condoms and Femicon and Femipil OCP are the lower income population. SOMA-JECT injectable and Panther condom are for the lower-mid level of the market, while Sensation nd U condoms, Minicon (progesterone only pill) and Nordette-28 oral pills are positioned at the slightly upper mid segment of the market. ORSaline-N, Monimix and natural rubber delivery kit are positioned for all segments of the market. Table 2 shows different SMC brands with year of launching: Table 2: SMC brands, year of launching, and its positioning in the market. reapings Brand Oral Contraceptive Nordette-28 Pill Femicon Femipill Minicon SOMA-JECT injectable Condom ORS Micro forage Safe Delivery getup Raja Panther Sensation U mill ORSaline/OR Sali ne-N ORSaline Fruity Monimix Safety Kit Year of open 1995 1976 1983 1992 2005 006 1983 Positioning Upper and middle segment trim down segment tear down segment All segments Lower and middle segment Lower segment gist segment Upper segment Upper segment Lower segment All segments 2003 2008 2008 Upper segments All segments All segments 1996 2008 2000 1999 Knowledge Attitude Practice and intuition (KAPP) Study on OCP shows that the Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) have a wider level of awareness of SMC brand OCP. Eight out of ten MWRA have Femicon brand while about half of the MWRAs survive Nordette-28 brand. Those couples who do the brand have a very high level of quality perception regarding brand.Eighty-five percent of the MWRA who know Femicon brand mentioned that the brand is either very good or good while 92 percent of the MWRA who know Nordette-28 brand told that it is either very good or good quality OCP (RCS, 2007). Table 3 shows the quality perception on SMC brand OCP among the MWRA who know the brand: 4 Table 3: Quality perceptual experience on SMC Brand OCP among MWRA who know the brand OCP brand of SMC Response Femicon Nordette-28 Minicon Very good 14. 8 10. 6 30. 3 Good 71. 3 81. 3 36. 9 Not so good not so 5. 4 3. 3 12. 9 full-grown Not good 1. 9 0. 8 1. 0 Don’t Know 6. 4 4. 1 18. 8 Number of MWRA 2045 597 287 drab wiz Social Franchising Program: Involvement of the Private Practitioners in the universe Health Priority Areas The Blue Star Program is an all out effort to bring the private sector health service providers (both graduate and non-graduate medical practitioners) into the public health program. The program works through a network of 3600 private medical practitioners. The plan of this program is to address the unmet need of the target population by improving quality, awareness, accessibility, and affordability of priority public health services through the private health providers.SMC provide comprehensive training, commodity supply, promotional support and surveillance & monitoring to these Blue Star Providers. A Program Evaluation Study interviewed 1379 private sector health service providers †half of them were Blue Star Providers and the rest half was not affiliated with the Blue Star Franchising. The study reveals that knowledge level on contraception of Blue Star Providers is significantly higher than the non Blue Star Providers.For example, nearly 41% of non Blue Star providers have no knowledge on the view effect of injectable while the rate is slight than one percent for Blue Star Providers (RCS, 2006). soon injectable contraceptive is given along with other health services through this network. Next to the OCP, injectable is the most popular temporary contraceptive method in Bangladesh. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health persuasion (BDHS) 2007, 7% of the eligible couples are using Injectable contraceptive compared to 2. 6% in 1991.As BDHS 2007 sho ws, one out of five injectable users collect their supplies from private medical sector †graduate and non-graduate medical practitioners and pharmacies, which are considered as the outlets of Blue Star Franchising Program. Social Marketing of Micronutrient Product: A New Avenue in Child Health Program SMC has launched its Micronutrition program in Bangladesh through introduction of ”MoniMix” †a branded micronutrient powder for childly and convenient in-home fodder fortification of complementary food to address childhood Iron Deficiency anaemia (IDA) in May 2008.Objective of the micronutrient program is to help improve nutritional status of under-five children, particularly of those with childhood IDA, to increase knowledge and awareness among parents and health service providers about the importance of micronutrient containing food and adequate dietary intake, and to promote exclusive breastfeeding and proper complementary feeding of nutrition rich foods.A K APP study on Home fastness of Complementary Food among the parents and caregivers of the children under 5 years found that nearly half of the respondents (47 percent) mentioned that they are aware about IDA while the rest (53 percent) admitted their complete ignorance on the issue 5 (ACNielsen, 2008). The findings of the study strongly confirm the comprehensive awareness creation campaign on Micronutrition in general and IDA in particular which SMC has started. SMC manu factory: Manufacturing ORS to Ensure Product SecurityIn order to ensure the protective covering of ever increasing demand of pre-packaged ORS, SMC has established its own very modern ORS manufacturing easiness in 2004. This facility has certainly released SMC from complete dependency on hug manufacturers. The annual ORS production capacity of the factory is around 200 million sachets, and the factory produced 176 million sachets of ORSaline-N in FY 2007. The SMC factory complex is situated on 5. 9 acres of land at Bhaluka on the DhakaMymensingh highway.The factory complex includes raw materials and finished goods store, production unit, quality control labs, services and administration units. Machinery and equipments of the SMC factory are of latest technology and in particular, the sachet machine is state-of-art. The next: Journey Towards Sustainability SMC is seeking to increase its contribution to the exertion of national health objectives through significant elaboration in the services it provides and the products it sells, while enhancing its organizational sustainability through increased revenues and better management.Over the past years, SMC has steadily improved its cost recovery, which was 74 percent in 2007. Eventually, SMC endeavors to become a self-reliant social marketing company with minimum level of donor assistance. However, the products that are positioned for the lower segment †one condom, one pill and one injectable †would continue as a part of SMC’s social commitment to serve the less privileged and vulnerable groups. Reference 1.ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Knowledge, Attitude Perception and Practice (KAPP) Study on Home weapons system of Complementary Food”, 2008, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 2. ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Retail Audit Report on OCP, Condom and ORS”, April 2008 Conducted for Social Marketing Company 3. ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Use of Contraceptive Among the Poor Couple of Bangladesh”, 2008 Conducted for Social Marketing Company 4. Eve, E. Epstein, â€Å"SMC Story: The History of Social marketing Company”, 2006 written for Social Marketing Company . appoint of Public Health and Nutrition (IPHN), Government of Bangladesh, â€Å"National Strategy for Anemia Prevention and Control in Bangladesh”, 2007 6. MRC-MODE Limited â€Å"Study on Mobile Film Program”, 2007, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 7. National Institute of Population Research and Trainin g (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ORC Macro, â€Å" forward Report on Bangladesh Demographic and Health horizon 2007”, 2007. 8. Noel Capon and Wilfried R. Vanhonacker, â€Å"The Asian Marketing Casebook”, 1999 9.Philip D. Harvey, â€Å"Let each Child Be Wanted: How Social Marketing Is Revolutionizing Contraceptive Use Around the World”, 1999 10. Pathway â€Å"Availability and Market Penetration Study of SMC Products”, 2007, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 11. Research and Computing Services (RCS) Limited, â€Å"Knowledge, Attitude Perception and Practice (KAPP) Study on Oral Contraceptive Pill among the Married Women of Reproductive Age” 2007, conducted for Social Marketing Company 6\r\n'

'African American Movie Essay\r'

'Out of all the big African-American films out there, I decided to print on a film, which is still considered to be a classic to this day, â€Å"Cooley High. ” The film takes place in Chicago, 1964, and centers on a group of lower-class black kids, including Preach, a smart student, and his close friend, Cochise, a great athlete who’s on the verge of getting a scholarship. This film has been comp ared to be the black version of George Lucas’ â€Å"American Graffiti”; the film has a lot of pushing and substance to easily overlook that fact.\r\nThere are many sportny moments, including a stroke where the boys joyride with Preach behind the wheel; a scene where the boys cut class and head to the zoo, ending with a hilarious encounter with a gorilla; and a scene where Preach hides from whatsoever hoodlums in an behind that is occupied. There’s also romance in the film, as Preach attempts to woo classy peach tree Brenda; the two even lose their virginity together in a rightfully tasteful scene.\r\nThe movie ends in tragedy, and since the characters have depth, we feel the loss. â€Å"Cooley High” set the criterion for African-American film excellence when it was made. This film plays on various emotions, and you definitely feel for all of the characters. Sure, some of the acting is a little wooden, but fortunately, those move aren’t pivotal.\r\nThe music is sensational, with classic songs from Motown and the tearjerker hit single, sing by then Motown’s newest recording artist, G. C. Cameron â€Å" Its So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday”, which was subsequently released in 1991 by the group Boys II Men, in honor of the movie. Even though â€Å"Cooley High” may not have inspirational or outline a positive role model, it’s a part of my life that brings back memories of just having fun and â€Å"obeying no laws expect for the ones of caring” (Preach). This film is truly a classic from the 70’s until the old age to come.\r\n'

'Japanese Internment During World War 2 Essay\r'

'Over the span of nine months 22,000 japanese Canadians were coerce from their homes, stripped of their belongs and denied underlying human being rights (1). During World state of struggle 2, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Canadian governance felt flock of Nipponese germ could be a threat to the Canadian fight effort. Because of this, thousands of Japanese Canadian citizen’s were moved to imprisonment camps in British capital of South Carolina.\r\nThe immurement of the Japanese Canadians was damage because it was completely unjustified, most of the people set up in the internment camps had a Canadian citizenship, were tough very poorly and in that location wasn’t any demonstration that they would do anything negatively effect Canada during the war. No human being should moderate ever been treated this way. followers the attack on Pearl Harbor Canadian racism towards Japanese citizens intensified.\r\nAlthough the Canadian military didn’ t feel that the Japanese were a threat to them, the popular believed that the Japanese citizens showed too much sympathy for Japan and were a threat to the country’s credentials as they could be spies (2). This common belief direct to the decision of the Japanese being moved to a â€Å"safety zone” in interior British Columbia. I feel that this was extremely wrong because the Japanese hadn’t done anything to deserve this.\r\nMany of the people who were interned had lived in Canada their whole lives and considered themselves to be loyal Canadian citizen. They felt just as afraid and threaten by the war as every opposite Canadian was. Shortly after the internment began, an RCMP policeman wrote a secret letter to a regime agent stating, â€Å"We film had no evidence of espionage or sabotage among the Japanese in British Columbia” (1). This helps to prove the Japanese were innocent and should not have been put in internment camps; they clearly hadnâ₠¬â„¢t done anything wrong.\r\nAfter the Japanese were brutally ripped from their homes, humiliated, and had their attribute taken from them they were constrained to live in internment camps. They were forced to do hard labor and their k raw(a) houses lacked the basic standards of living. This is another reason why what the Canadian government activity did was so horrible. People were crammed into small houses that may have had a stove (3). There was an enormous tally of people being shipped to the internment camps but on that point weren’t nearly enough houses, because of this people were forced to live in tents.\r\nWhen families did get to move from a house to a tent I wasn’t an upgrade; the houses were very poorly insulated and unsanitary. At time there were houses with ten families living in them. When the Japanese people left their homes their land was considered the government’s property and the original owners wouldn’t acquire anything when it was sold. The war had caused a large labor shortage for farmers so the Japanese were used to help fix this problem. manpower were given the option to work on a farm and be with their families or work on the road as slaves.\r\nThe Japanese had to live terrible lives because of a poor decisions made by the Canadian government. The Japanese had done nothing wrong, they were being penalize for a crime that they did not commit (1). The nevertheless defense that Canada had for doing what they did was the Japanese weren’t white and they could potentially be spies. A main reason that the Canadians put the Japanese into internment camps was because of racism. The Japanese were discriminated against for the reason that they were new to the country and took jobs away from other Canadians.\r\nThe Japanese were ordain to work longer hours for less pay accordingly the average Canadian worker, because of this Canadians feared they would lose their jobs to the knew immigrants (2). Canad ians also began to cursed things on the Japanese that couldn’t possibly be their fault. Things like a poor harvest or a flat tire would be cursed on the Japanese when they couldn’t possibly be at fault. The Canadian Government did what they did based on fear and racism, but not any facts and this I what made it so terrible.\r\nThe choice the Canadian government made in interning the Japanese was without a question a terrible decision. It was so wrong because there weren’t any real reasons to intern the Japanese, they treated the Japanese terribly and Canadians didn’t have any evidence that the Japanese had done anything wrong. The fact that Canadians could do something so terrible to the Japanese or peer humans in general based on fear is horrifying. Interning the Japanese was completely unnecessary and shouldn’t ever have happened.\r\n'